feat(resolver,graph): fetch and resolve include: remote: HTTPS URLs

Remote includes (include: remote: https://...) were previously skipped
silently in the resolver and rendered as unexpanded leaf nodes in the
graph.

Changes:
- fetcher.FetchURL: new shared unauthenticated HTTP GET helper
- resolver: resolveRemoteInclude fetches the URL, parses YAML, sets job
  origin to the URL string, recursively resolves sub-includes, and emits
  a warning on failure (lint continues on the rest of the pipeline)
- graph: recurseRemote fetches the URL, captures direct job names, and
  recurses into sub-includes so remote nodes expand like local ones

Adds testdata/includes_remote.yml fixture.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -7,8 +7,20 @@ This project uses [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org).
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+### Added
+
+- **File and line numbers on findings** — every finding now includes the source file and line where the job is defined, e.g. `[ERROR] job "deploy" (src/deploy.yml:14): …`. For jobs that come from local or fetched includes the file reflects the include source. Pipeline-level findings (workflow rules, missing stages) reference the root pipeline file.
+
+- **`glint graph includes` shows jobs per file** — each node in the Mermaid include dependency graph now shows the jobs defined directly in that file. Jobs are rendered as rounded nodes (`(name)`) in a distinct light-purple style, connected with dashed arrows (`-.->`) to distinguish ownership from the include hierarchy (solid `-->` arrows). The root pipeline file always shows its direct jobs; local and fetched project/component nodes show theirs when the file can be read.
+
 ### Fixed
 
+- **`include: remote:` URL includes are now fetched and merged** — glint fetches plain HTTPS URLs in `include: remote:` entries (no authentication), parses the resulting YAML, merges its jobs into the pipeline, and recursively resolves any sub-includes the remote file itself declares. Unreachable or unparseable URLs emit a `[WARNING]` and lint continues on the rest of the pipeline. The `glint graph includes` command now expands remote nodes with their jobs and sub-include tree, matching the behaviour of local and project includes.
+
+- **`needs: optional: true` downgraded to warning** — a `needs:` entry that carries `optional: true` and references a job not present in the pipeline now emits `[WARNING]` instead of `[ERROR]`. GitLab CI silently skips such dependencies at runtime (the job is absent when its include was not triggered), so the finding was a false positive. Non-optional missing needs remain errors. Optional missing deps are also excluded from the cycle-detection graph.
+
+- **`extends:` jobs with missing script downgraded to warning** — a job that declares `extends:` but has no `script` after resolution now emits `[WARNING]` instead of `[ERROR]`. The script may legitimately come from a base job in a remote include that could not be fetched at lint time (e.g. no token configured).
+
 - **Variable map form now parses correctly** — `variables:` entries that use the extended `{value, description, options}` form (GitLab CI 13.7+) no longer cause `yaml: cannot unmarshal !!map into string`. Both `Pipeline.Variables` and per-job `Variables` now accept either plain strings or map-form declarations.
 - **`default.image` map form now parses correctly** — `default: image: {name: ..., pull_policy: ...}` used to cause `yaml: cannot unmarshal !!map into string`; `DefaultConfig.Image` is now typed as `any` to match `Job.Image`.
 - **`default.before_script` / `default.after_script` now accept both list and scalar forms** — previously `DefaultConfig.BeforeScript` and `DefaultConfig.AfterScript` were `[]string`, causing a parse error when the field was written as a block scalar string. They are now typed as `any` to match the corresponding `Job` fields.

Taskfile.yml

@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ tasks:
         ignore_error: true
       - cmd: ./{{.BINARY}} check testdata/keywords_invalid.yml
         ignore_error: true
+      - cmd: ./{{.BINARY}} check testdata/includes_remote.yml
+        ignore_error: false
       - cmd: ./{{.BINARY}} check testdata/includes_project.yml
         ignore_error: false
       - cmd: ./{{.BINARY}} check testdata/includes_component.yml

internal/fetcher/gitlab.go

@@ -142,6 +142,24 @@ func (cfg GitLabConfig) FetchFile(project, filePath, ref string) ([]byte, error)
 	return body, nil
 }
 
+// FetchURL downloads the content at a plain HTTPS URL without authentication.
+// Used for include: remote: entries which are public by definition.
+func FetchURL(rawURL string) ([]byte, error) {
+	resp, err := http.Get(rawURL) //nolint:noctx
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("GET %s: %w", rawURL, err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading body: %w", err)
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("GET %s: status %d", rawURL, resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+	return body, nil
+}
+
 func firstNonEmpty(values ...string) string {
 	for _, v := range values {
 		if v != "" {

internal/graph/includes.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
 	"strings"
 
 	"git.k3nny.fr/glint/internal/fetcher"
@@ -11,6 +12,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 // Includes returns a Mermaid flowchart of the full include dependency tree.
+// Each node shows the jobs defined directly in that file, connected with
+// dashed arrows (solid arrows represent the include hierarchy itself).
 // It recurses into project:, component:, and local: includes to expose
 // transitive dependencies. Includes that cannot be fetched are shown but not expanded.
 func Includes(sourcePath string, rawIncludes []any, cfg fetcher.GitLabConfig) string {
@@ -19,7 +22,12 @@ func Includes(sourcePath string, rawIncludes []any, cfg fetcher.GitLabConfig) st
 		cfg:     cfg,
 		baseDir: filepath.Dir(sourcePath),
 	}
-	root := &treeNode{id: "root", label: mermaidLabel(sourcePath), class: "main"}
+	root := &treeNode{
+		id:    "root",
+		label: mermaidLabel(sourcePath),
+		class: "main",
+		jobs:  directJobs(sourcePath),
+	}
 	b.buildChildren(root, rawIncludes)
 	return renderTree(root)
 }
@@ -29,6 +37,7 @@ type treeNode struct {
 	label    string
 	class    string
 	children []*treeNode
+	jobs     []string // job names defined directly in this file
 }
 
 // treeBuilder accumulates state while recursively traversing include entries.
@@ -105,7 +114,9 @@ func (b *treeBuilder) parseMap(m map[string]any) []*treeNode {
 		return []*treeNode{node}
 	}
 	if remote, ok := m["remote"].(string); ok {
-		return []*treeNode{{id: b.nextID(), label: "remote:<br>" + mermaidLabel(remote), class: "remote"}}
+		node := &treeNode{id: b.nextID(), label: "remote:<br>" + mermaidLabel(remote), class: "remote"}
+		b.recurseRemote(node, remote)
+		return []*treeNode{node}
 	}
 	if tmpl, ok := m["template"].(string); ok {
 		return []*treeNode{{id: b.nextID(), label: "template:<br>" + mermaidLabel(tmpl), class: "template"}}
@@ -126,7 +137,11 @@ func (b *treeBuilder) recurseLocal(node *treeNode, path string) {
 		return
 	}
 	p, err := model.ParseBytes(data)
-	if err != nil || len(p.Include) == 0 {
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	node.jobs = jobNames(p)
+	if len(p.Include) == 0 {
 		return
 	}
 	orig := b.baseDir
@@ -147,7 +162,33 @@ func (b *treeBuilder) recurseProject(node *treeNode, project, filePath, ref stri
 		return
 	}
 	p, err := model.ParseBytes(data)
-	if err != nil || len(p.Include) == 0 {
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	node.jobs = jobNames(p)
+	if len(p.Include) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	b.buildChildren(node, p.Include)
+}
+
+func (b *treeBuilder) recurseRemote(node *treeNode, rawURL string) {
+	key := "remote:" + rawURL
+	if b.visited[key] {
+		return
+	}
+	b.visited[key] = true
+
+	data, err := fetcher.FetchURL(rawURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	p, err := model.ParseBytes(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	node.jobs = jobNames(p)
+	if len(p.Include) == 0 {
 		return
 	}
 	b.buildChildren(node, p.Include)
@@ -172,7 +213,11 @@ func (b *treeBuilder) recurseComponent(node *treeNode, ref string) {
 		return
 	}
 	p, err := model.ParseBytes(data)
-	if err != nil || len(p.Include) == 0 {
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	node.jobs = jobNames(p)
+	if len(p.Include) == 0 {
 		return
 	}
 	b.buildChildren(node, p.Include)
@@ -193,11 +238,19 @@ func renderTree(root *treeNode) string {
 	w("    classDef local fill:#428fdc,stroke:#1068bf,color:#fff")
 	w("    classDef remote fill:#868686,stroke:#686868,color:#fff")
 	w("    classDef template fill:#fc6d26,stroke:#e56b1f,color:#fff")
+	w("    classDef job fill:#f5f5ff,stroke:#7175a0,color:#333")
 	w("")
 
+	jobCounter := 0
 	var emit func(n *treeNode)
 	emit = func(n *treeNode) {
 		wf("    %s[\"%s\"]:::%s", n.id, n.label, n.class)
+		for _, jobName := range n.jobs {
+			jobCounter++
+			jobID := fmt.Sprintf("job%d", jobCounter)
+			wf("    %s(\"%s\"):::job", jobID, mermaidLabel(jobName))
+			wf("    %s -.-> %s", n.id, jobID)
+		}
 		for _, child := range n.children {
 			emit(child)
 			wf("    %s --> %s", n.id, child.id)
@@ -208,6 +261,29 @@ func renderTree(root *treeNode) string {
 	return sb.String()
 }
 
+// directJobs parses a single pipeline file (without include resolution) and
+// returns the sorted list of job names defined directly in it.
+func directJobs(path string) []string {
+	p, err := model.Parse(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return jobNames(p)
+}
+
+// jobNames returns a sorted slice of all job names defined in p.
+func jobNames(p *model.Pipeline) []string {
+	if len(p.Jobs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(p.Jobs))
+	for name := range p.Jobs {
+		names = append(names, name)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(names)
+	return names
+}
+
 // parseComponentRef parses a CI/CD component reference of the form
 // <host>/<project-path>/<component-name>@<version>.
 func parseComponentRef(ref string) (host, project, component, version string, err error) {

internal/linter/dependencies.go

@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ func checkDependencies(p *model.Pipeline) []Finding {
 				findings = append(findings, Finding{
 					Severity: Error,
 					Job:      name,
+					File:     job.File,
+					Line:     job.Line,
 					Message:  fmt.Sprintf("'dependencies' references unknown job %q", dep),
 				})
 				continue
@@ -34,6 +36,8 @@ func checkDependencies(p *model.Pipeline) []Finding {
 					findings = append(findings, Finding{
 						Severity: Error,
 						Job:      name,
+						File:     job.File,
+						Line:     job.Line,
 						Message:  fmt.Sprintf("'dependencies' job %q must be in an earlier stage (in %q, current job is in %q)", dep, depJob.Stage, job.Stage),
 					})
 				}

internal/linter/linter.go

@@ -17,12 +17,25 @@ const (
 type Finding struct {
 	Severity Severity
 	Job      string // empty for pipeline-level findings
+	File     string // source file where the finding originates
+	Line     int    // line number in File (0 = unknown)
 	Message  string
 }
 
 func (f Finding) String() string {
+	loc := ""
+	if f.File != "" {
+		if f.Line > 0 {
+			loc = fmt.Sprintf(" (%s:%d)", f.File, f.Line)
+		} else {
+			loc = fmt.Sprintf(" (%s)", f.File)
+		}
+	}
 	if f.Job != "" {
-		return fmt.Sprintf("[%s] job %q: %s", f.Severity, f.Job, f.Message)
+		return fmt.Sprintf("[%s] job %q%s: %s", f.Severity, f.Job, loc, f.Message)
+	}
+	if loc != "" {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("[%s]%s: %s", f.Severity, loc, f.Message)
 	}
 	return fmt.Sprintf("[%s] %s", f.Severity, f.Message)
 }
@@ -43,6 +56,7 @@ func checkStages(p *model.Pipeline) []Finding {
 	if len(p.Stages) == 0 {
 		findings = append(findings, Finding{
 			Severity: Warning,
+			File:     p.SourceFile,
 			Message:  "no stages defined; GitLab will use default stages (build, test, deploy)",
 		})
 	}
@@ -58,6 +72,7 @@ func checkWorkflow(p *model.Pipeline) []Finding {
 		if rule.When != "" && !validWorkflowRuleWhen[rule.When] {
 			findings = append(findings, Finding{
 				Severity: Error,
+				File:     p.SourceFile,
 				Message:  fmt.Sprintf("workflow.rules[%d].when has invalid value %q; valid: always, never", i, rule.When),
 			})
 		}
@@ -88,10 +103,16 @@ func checkJob(name string, job model.Job, stageSet map[string]bool) []Finding {
 
 	// After extends resolution, a job with no script/run is an error.
 	// Exceptions: trigger jobs, pages jobs (use pages: keyword), and template jobs.
+	// When the job has extends:, the script may come from a base that couldn't be
+	// fetched (e.g. a remote include without a token), so downgrade to warning.
 	hasScript := scriptNonEmpty(job.Script) || job.Run != nil
 	if !isTemplate && !isTrigger && job.Pages == nil && !hasScript {
+		sev := Error
+		if job.Extends != nil {
+			sev = Warning
+		}
 		findings = append(findings, Finding{
-			Severity: Error,
+			Severity: sev,
 			Job:      name,
 			Message:  "missing required field 'script' (or 'run')",
 		})
@@ -137,6 +158,13 @@ func checkJob(name string, job model.Job, stageSet map[string]bool) []Finding {
 
 	findings = append(findings, checkJobKeywords(name, job)...)
 
+	// Attach source location to every job-scoped finding collected above.
+	for i := range findings {
+		if findings[i].Job != "" && findings[i].File == "" {
+			findings[i].File = job.File
+			findings[i].Line = job.Line
+		}
+	}
 	return findings
 }
 

internal/linter/needs.go

@@ -6,6 +6,12 @@ import (
 	"git.k3nny.fr/glint/internal/model"
 )
 
+// needEntry is a parsed element from a job's needs: list.
+type needEntry struct {
+	job      string
+	optional bool // true when the needs entry carries optional: true
+}
+
 func checkNeeds(p *model.Pipeline) []Finding {
 	var findings []Finding
 
@@ -15,7 +21,7 @@ func checkNeeds(p *model.Pipeline) []Finding {
 		stageIndex[s] = i
 	}
 
-	// needsGraph maps each job to the list of jobs it depends on.
+	// needsGraph maps each job to the jobs it depends on (existing jobs only).
 	// Used for cycle detection after individual checks.
 	needsGraph := make(map[string][]string)
 
@@ -24,22 +30,33 @@ func checkNeeds(p *model.Pipeline) []Finding {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		neededNames := parseNeedJobNames(job.Needs)
+		entries := parseNeedEntries(job.Needs)
-		needsGraph[name] = neededNames
-
 		jobStageIdx, jobHasStage := stageIndex[job.Stage]
 
-		for _, needed := range neededNames {
+		for _, entry := range entries {
-			neededJob, exists := p.Jobs[needed]
+			neededJob, exists := p.Jobs[entry.job]
 			if !exists {
+				// optional: true means GitLab CI will silently skip the
+				// dependency when the job is absent (e.g. from a conditional
+				// include). Downgrade to warning so users are informed without
+				// failing the lint.
+				sev := Error
+				if entry.optional {
+					sev = Warning
+				}
 				findings = append(findings, Finding{
-					Severity: Error,
+					Severity: sev,
 					Job:      name,
-					Message:  fmt.Sprintf("needs unknown job %q", needed),
+					File:     job.File,
+					Line:     job.Line,
+					Message:  fmt.Sprintf("needs unknown job %q", entry.job),
 				})
 				continue
 			}
 
+			// Add to the cycle-detection graph only when the dep exists.
+			needsGraph[name] = append(needsGraph[name], entry.job)
+
 			// A job cannot need a job in a later stage.
 			if len(p.Stages) > 0 && jobHasStage && neededJob.Stage != "" {
 				neededStageIdx, neededHasStage := stageIndex[neededJob.Stage]
@@ -47,9 +64,11 @@ func checkNeeds(p *model.Pipeline) []Finding {
 					findings = append(findings, Finding{
 						Severity: Error,
 						Job:      name,
+						File:     job.File,
+						Line:     job.Line,
 						Message: fmt.Sprintf(
 							"needs %q which is in a later stage (%q after %q)",
-							needed, neededJob.Stage, job.Stage,
+							entry.job, neededJob.Stage, job.Stage,
 						),
 					})
 				}
@@ -57,32 +76,33 @@ func checkNeeds(p *model.Pipeline) []Finding {
 		}
 	}
 
-	findings = append(findings, detectNeedsCycles(needsGraph)...)
+	findings = append(findings, detectNeedsCycles(needsGraph, p.Jobs)...)
 	return findings
 }
 
-// parseNeedJobNames extracts job names from a needs: list.
+// parseNeedEntries extracts needs entries from a needs: list, preserving the
-// Each element is either a plain string or a map with a "job" key.
+// optional flag. Each element is a plain string (job name) or a map with a
-// Cross-pipeline needs (maps with a "pipeline" key) are skipped.
+// "job" key. Cross-pipeline needs (maps with a "pipeline" key) are skipped.
-func parseNeedJobNames(needs []any) []string {
+func parseNeedEntries(needs []any) []needEntry {
-	var names []string
+	var entries []needEntry
 	for _, n := range needs {
 		switch v := n.(type) {
 		case string:
-			names = append(names, v)
+			entries = append(entries, needEntry{job: v})
 		case map[string]any:
 			if _, crossPipeline := v["pipeline"]; crossPipeline {
 				continue
 			}
 			if job, ok := v["job"].(string); ok {
-				names = append(names, job)
+				optional, _ := v["optional"].(bool)
+				entries = append(entries, needEntry{job: job, optional: optional})
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	return names
+	return entries
 }
 
-func detectNeedsCycles(graph map[string][]string) []Finding {
+func detectNeedsCycles(graph map[string][]string, jobs map[string]model.Job) []Finding {
 	const (
 		unvisited = 0
 		visiting  = 1
@@ -101,9 +121,12 @@ func detectNeedsCycles(graph map[string][]string) []Finding {
 		case visiting:
 			if !reported[name] {
 				reported[name] = true
+				j := jobs[name]
 				findings = append(findings, Finding{
 					Severity: Error,
 					Job:      name,
+					File:     j.File,
+					Line:     j.Line,
 					Message:  fmt.Sprintf("circular dependency in needs: %v → %s", path, name),
 				})
 			}

internal/model/parser.go

@@ -13,14 +13,22 @@ func Parse(path string) (*Pipeline, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading file: %w", err)
 	}
-	return ParseBytes(data)
+	p, err := ParseBytes(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	p.SourceFile = path
+	p.SetJobOrigin(path)
+	return p, nil
 }
 
 // ParseBytes parses YAML from an in-memory byte slice.
 func ParseBytes(data []byte) (*Pipeline, error) {
-	// First pass: decode into a raw map to extract job keys.
+	// First pass: parse into a yaml.Node document to extract job keys with
-	var raw map[string]yaml.Node
+	// their exact source line numbers (key nodes carry the line, value nodes
-	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(data, &raw); err != nil {
+	// carry the body we decode into Job / map[string]any).
+	var doc yaml.Node
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(data, &doc); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing YAML: %w", err)
 	}
 
@@ -32,21 +40,36 @@ func ParseBytes(data []byte) (*Pipeline, error) {
 
 	p.Jobs = make(map[string]Job)
 	p.RawJobs = make(map[string]map[string]any)
-	for key, node := range raw {
+
+	if doc.Kind != yaml.DocumentNode || len(doc.Content) == 0 {
+		return p, nil
+	}
+	root := doc.Content[0]
+	if root.Kind != yaml.MappingNode {
+		return p, nil
+	}
+
+	// Walk root mapping in key/value pairs.
+	for i := 0; i+1 < len(root.Content); i += 2 {
+		keyNode := root.Content[i]
+		valNode := root.Content[i+1]
+		key := keyNode.Value
 		if ReservedKeys[key] {
 			continue
 		}
+
 		var rawMap map[string]any
-		if err := node.Decode(&rawMap); err != nil {
+		if err := valNode.Decode(&rawMap); err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing raw job %q: %w", key, err)
 		}
 		p.RawJobs[key] = rawMap
 
 		var j Job
-		if err := node.Decode(&j); err != nil {
+		if err := valNode.Decode(&j); err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing job %q: %w", key, err)
 		}
 		j.Name = key
+		j.Line = keyNode.Line // exact line of the job name key
 		p.Jobs[key] = j
 	}
 

internal/model/pipeline.go

@@ -3,16 +3,28 @@ package model
 // Pipeline represents the top-level structure of a .gitlab-ci.yml file.
 // Unknown top-level keys are collected into Jobs.
 type Pipeline struct {
-	Stages    []string       `yaml:"stages"`
+	SourceFile string         // path of the root pipeline file; set by Parse
-	Variables map[string]any `yaml:"variables"` // string or {value,description,options} map
+	Stages     []string       `yaml:"stages"`
-	Default   *DefaultConfig `yaml:"default"`
+	Variables  map[string]any `yaml:"variables"` // string or {value,description,options} map
-	Include   []any          `yaml:"include"`
+	Default    *DefaultConfig `yaml:"default"`
-	Workflow  *Workflow      `yaml:"workflow"`
+	Include    []any          `yaml:"include"`
+	Workflow   *Workflow      `yaml:"workflow"`
 	// Jobs holds every non-reserved top-level key (i.e. job definitions).
 	Jobs    map[string]Job            `yaml:"-"`
 	RawJobs map[string]map[string]any `yaml:"-"` // pre-resolution raw maps, used by the resolver
 }
 
+// SetJobOrigin sets the File field on all jobs that don't already have one.
+// Called after ParseBytes to record which file each job came from.
+func (p *Pipeline) SetJobOrigin(file string) {
+	for name, j := range p.Jobs {
+		if j.File == "" {
+			j.File = file
+		}
+		p.Jobs[name] = j
+	}
+}
+
 type DefaultConfig struct {
 	Image        any      `yaml:"image"`        // string or {name,pull_policy,...} map
 	BeforeScript any      `yaml:"before_script"` // []string or string (block scalar)
@@ -29,7 +41,9 @@ type Workflow struct {
 }
 
 type Job struct {
-	Name         string   // set by parser, not from YAML
+	Name string // set by parser, not from YAML
+	File string // source file; set by Parse / resolver
+	Line int    // line of the job key in its source file; set by parser
 	Stage        string   `yaml:"stage"`
 	Script       any `yaml:"script"`       // []string or string (block scalar)
 	Run          any `yaml:"run"`          // alternative to script (CI steps)

internal/resolver/includes.go

@@ -90,7 +90,14 @@ func resolveIncludes(p *model.Pipeline, includes []any, cfg fetcher.GitLabConfig
 			continue
 		}
 
-		// remote, template — resolved by GitLab at runtime, skip silently.
+		if remote, _ := entry["remote"].(string); remote != "" {
+			w, ew := resolveRemoteInclude(p, remote, cfg, rootDir, visited)
+			warnings = append(warnings, w...)
+			extWarnings = append(extWarnings, ew...)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// template — resolved by GitLab at runtime, skip silently.
 	}
 	return warnings, extWarnings
 }
@@ -117,6 +124,7 @@ func resolveLocalInclude(p *model.Pipeline, rawPath string, cfg fetcher.GitLabCo
 	if err != nil {
 		return []IncludeWarning{{Label: label, Err: fmt.Errorf("parsing YAML: %w", err)}}, nil
 	}
+	included.SetJobOrigin(absPath)
 
 	// Recursively resolve the included file's own includes first, merging
 	// everything into `included` before we merge it into the parent `p`.
@@ -132,6 +140,39 @@ func resolveLocalInclude(p *model.Pipeline, rawPath string, cfg fetcher.GitLabCo
 	return warnings, extWarnings
 }
 
+// resolveRemoteInclude fetches a plain HTTPS URL, parses it as CI YAML, and
+// merges it into p. Sub-includes of the fetched file are resolved recursively.
+func resolveRemoteInclude(p *model.Pipeline, rawURL string, cfg fetcher.GitLabConfig, rootDir string, visited map[string]bool) ([]IncludeWarning, []ExtendWarning) {
+	label := "remote " + rawURL
+
+	if visited[rawURL] {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	visited[rawURL] = true
+
+	data, err := fetcher.FetchURL(rawURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return []IncludeWarning{{Label: label, Err: err}}, nil
+	}
+
+	included, err := model.ParseBytes(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return []IncludeWarning{{Label: label, Err: fmt.Errorf("parsing YAML: %w", err)}}, nil
+	}
+	included.SetJobOrigin(rawURL)
+
+	var warnings []IncludeWarning
+	var extWarnings []ExtendWarning
+	if len(included.Include) > 0 {
+		w, ew := resolveIncludes(included, included.Include, cfg, rootDir, visited)
+		warnings = append(warnings, w...)
+		extWarnings = append(extWarnings, ew...)
+	}
+
+	mergeIncluded(p, included)
+	return warnings, extWarnings
+}
+
 // resolveProjectInclude fetches all files listed under a single project: entry
 // and merges them into p.
 func resolveProjectInclude(p *model.Pipeline, entry map[string]any, project string, cfg fetcher.GitLabConfig, rootDir string, visited map[string]bool) ([]IncludeWarning, []ExtendWarning) {
@@ -161,6 +202,7 @@ func resolveProjectInclude(p *model.Pipeline, entry map[string]any, project stri
 			warnings = append(warnings, IncludeWarning{Label: label, Err: fmt.Errorf("parsing YAML: %w", err)})
 			continue
 		}
+		included.SetJobOrigin(label)
 
 		if len(included.Include) > 0 {
 			w, ew := resolveIncludes(included, included.Include, cfg, rootDir, visited)
@@ -200,6 +242,7 @@ func resolveComponentInclude(p *model.Pipeline, ref string, cfg fetcher.GitLabCo
 	if err != nil {
 		return IncludeWarning{Label: label, Err: fmt.Errorf("parsing component YAML: %w", err)}, nil, true
 	}
+	included.SetJobOrigin(label)
 
 	var extWarnings []ExtendWarning
 	if len(included.Include) > 0 {

testdata/includes_remote.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+# Exercises include: remote: URL fetching and sub-include recursion.
+# The remote file is a real public GitLab CI template; it may contain its own
+# includes which should also be resolved. Exit code is 0 (warnings allowed).
+stages:
+  - test
+
+include:
+  - remote: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/raw/master/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Bash.gitlab-ci.yml
+
+local-job:
+  stage: test
+  script:
+    - echo "local job alongside remote include"

testdata/needs.yml

@@ -38,3 +38,12 @@ missing-needs-job:
     - echo "bad"
   needs:
     - nonexistent-job    # ERROR: job doesn't exist
+
+# optional: true — missing dep should be WARNING not ERROR
+optional-needs-job:
+  stage: build
+  script:
+    - echo "I depend on something that may not exist"
+  needs:
+    - job: nonexistent-optional-job
+      optional: true